The Effect of Dual N-Back Training on Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibitory Control among University Students: Examining Learning Disabilities

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of dual n-back training on cognitive flexibility (CF) and inhibitory control in university students with and without learning disabilities (LD). Using a quantitative experimental approach, the findings revealed that students with LD showed improvements in inhibitory control, as indicated by increased go-accuracy and no-go accuracy in post-test assessments. While Go reaction time (Go/RT) did not significantly change between pre- and post-tests, No-Go reaction time (No-Go/RT) improved for students with LD. Additionally, the experimental group with LD demonstrated enhanced CF, marked by a higher number of corrected sorts and reduced total and perseverative errors in post-test comparisons. The results suggest that dual n-back training can improve CF and inhibitory control in students with and without LD. Future research should explore the effects of dual n-back training across diverse populations, varying training durations and intensities, and additional cognitive outcomes. Methodological improvements and alternative experimental designs are also recommended to strengthen both internal and external validity of the results.